What are Cavities?

From our early years we are taught to avoid cavities. And with good reason. Cavities are mostly preventable, and yet they affect a large segment of the population. According to the CDC, 9 out of every 10 adults over the age of 20 have some degree of tooth decay, and cavities are “the most common chronic disease of children aged 6 to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years.” (www.cdc.gov.)

Cavities are known by other names. The scientific term for them is dental caries, while tooth decay is also commonly used. The decay is the result of a gradual buildup of bacteria on the teeth and around the gum line, leading to erosion of the tooth’s surface and, eventually, the tooth itself.

How do Cavities Form?

Our mouths harbor many different types of bacteria that can accumulate on teeth and form a sticky film known as plaque. Plaque tends to build up between teeth, in the crevices and cracks of teeth, around fillings and other appliances, and along the gum line.

The bacteria turns sugar and starches from the food we eat, and the drinks we consume, into acids that attack the tooth’s surface – the enamel. As the enamel erodes, it leaves the tooth susceptible to more decay causing small pits or divots to develop on the surface that get larger over time.

When enamel begins to rot, the acid passes through the surface of the tooth and starts to move through the softer layer of dentin, which is the main body of the tooth. As both the enamel and the dentin are destroyed, the decay reaches the interior of the tooth that contains the soft pulp and nerves, causing a lot pain and potentially the loss of the tooth.

Treatment 

Treatment of cavities depends on the extent to which the tooth has been damaged. Options include:

• Fluoride treatment and sealants as preventive measures
• Fillings to restore cavities
• Crowns protect tooth when a large area of tooth has been damaged
• Root canals treat the inner pulp area when bacteria progresses through
• Extraction is necessary when there is no hope to restore the tooth, it must be removed
• Inlays and Onlays treat problems too big for fillings and too small for crowns 

Prevention is the Key

Cavities can be prevented by adopting and maintaining excellent dental cleaning and healthy lifestyle habits. This includes brushing twice a day – or more! – using a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride strengthens the enamel and helps prevent cavities from taking hold.

Cleaning between the teeth isn’t as easy with a toothbrush as it is with dental floss. Use dental floss or an interdental cleaner at least once daily, or if food gets stuck in your teeth. The type of food matters, too and nutritious meals that are low in starches and sugar are the most teeth-friendly.

Last, visit the dentist for regular cleanings and examinations. Sometimes, decay is hard to spot – especially when it starts in tight or hard-to-see places like between teeth or around the molars. Dr. Lisa Heinrich-Null will identify problem areas and recommend specific treatments to help you stay mouth healthy and cavity free.

Contact our Victoria dental office today to schedule your appointment.